Bash Examples

Performs arithmetic operations using $(( )), let, and expr including integer math, bitwise operations, increment/decrement, and conditional expressions.

Demonstrates indexed arrays in Bash including declaration, iteration, slicing, appending, sorting, and filtering with practical data processing examples.

Uses Bash associative arrays (hash maps) for key-value storage, iteration, lookup, and data aggregation with practical configuration and counting examples.

Uses case statements with glob patterns, fall-through behavior, and default cases for implementing command dispatch and input classification logic.

Uses command substitution to capture command output, nest substitutions, and combine with variable assignment for dynamic script behavior.

Demonstrates if/elif/else conditionals with test commands, file tests, string tests, numeric comparisons, and logical operators in Bash scripts.

Demonstrates proper exit code handling, error checking, set options for fail-safe behavior, and custom exit codes for script error reporting.

Performs file and directory operations including creation, copying, moving, permission management, and safe file handling with proper error checking.

Uses the find command with various predicates, actions, and exec options to locate, filter, and process files based on metadata and patterns.

Defines and uses Bash functions with local variables, return values, argument passing, and recursive calls for modular and reusable script logic.

Uses getopts to parse command-line options with short flags, default values, and argument validation for building robust CLI tools in Bash.

Uses here documents and here strings to feed multi-line text to commands, generate config files, and create inline data for script processing.

Demonstrates for loops, while loops, until loops, and C-style loops with break, continue, and range iteration for various data processing patterns.

Manages background jobs with &, wait, jobs, and process control for parallel task execution and synchronization in Bash scripts.

Demonstrates advanced Bash parameter expansion patterns including defaults, alternatives, substring, case modification, and variable indirection.

Constructs multi-stage pipelines connecting commands with pipes for data transformation, filtering, and aggregation in a streaming fashion.

Uses process substitution to feed command output as files to commands expecting file arguments, enabling complex data comparison and merging operations.

Demonstrates stdin, stdout, stderr redirection including appending, merging streams, discarding output, and using file descriptors for advanced I/O control.

Uses Bash regex matching with the =~ operator for pattern validation, extraction, and conditional logic including email, IP, and URL validation.

Uses sed for stream editing and awk for field-based processing to transform, filter, and extract data from text files and command output.

Handles Unix signals in Bash scripts using trap, kill, and wait for graceful shutdown, timeout enforcement, and inter-process communication.

Demonstrates Bash string manipulation including substring extraction, pattern replacement, case conversion, trimming, and splitting operations.

Sets up trap handlers for signals like EXIT, INT, TERM, and ERR to ensure cleanup, graceful shutdown, and error recovery in Bash scripts.

Demonstrates variable expansion, quoting rules, and special variables in Bash including single vs double quotes and command-line arguments.

Uses xargs to build and execute commands from standard input with parallel execution, argument batching, and null-delimiter handling for safe processing.