功能说明
该示例从一组安全默认指令出发构建 Content-Security-Policy 响应头,并支持追加自定义指令、切换为仅报告模式以及注入每次请求随机的 nonce。nonce 让内联脚本无需开启 unsafe-inline 也能执行,是缓解 XSS 的常用手段。构建结果可直接交给 Web 框架设置响应头。
关键代码
BASE_DIRECTIVES 默认只允许同源脚本、样式与图片,禁止 object 与 frame 嵌入。createNonce 用 crypto.getRandomValues 生成十六字节并转成 base64。buildCsp 校验 nonce 字符集后把它追加到 script-src,再遍历自定义指令,检查指令名只含小写字母、数字与连字符,值不能包含分号或空白。最后按指令顺序用分号连接,空数组指令会被过滤。
使用注意
nonce 必须每次响应重新生成,不能在多个请求间复用,也不能写进缓存页面。nonce 只对 script-src 生效,样式如需 nonce 要单独配置。不要同时开启 unsafe-inline,否则 nonce 的防护会被绕过。自定义指令会整体替换默认值,例如覆盖 img-src 时要显式保留需要允许的来源。仅报告模式不会拦截,只会上报违规。
验证方式
构建带 nonce 与自定义 connect-src 的头部,断言输出包含 nonce 值、指令以分号分隔且 img-src 被替换。测试 report-only 模式返回 Report-Only 头名。传入包含分号或空白的指令值、非法指令名与非 base64 nonce 分别抛错,并确认空数组指令不会出现在结果中。
代码示例
export type DirectiveValue = readonly string[];
export interface CspOptions {
readonly directives?: Readonly<Record<string, DirectiveValue>>;
readonly reportOnly?: boolean;
readonly nonce?: string;
}
const BASE_DIRECTIVES: Record<string, readonly string[]> = {
"default-src": ["'self'"],
"script-src": ["'self'"],
"style-src": ["'self'"],
"img-src": ["'self'", "data:"],
"object-src": ["'none'"],
"base-uri": ["'self'"],
"frame-ancestors": ["'none'"],
};
export function createNonce(): string {
const bytes = new Uint8Array(16);
globalThis.crypto.getRandomValues(bytes);
let binary = "";
for (const byte of bytes) binary += String.fromCharCode(byte);
return btoa(binary);
}
export function buildCsp(options: CspOptions = {}): { name: string; value: string } {
const directives: Record<string, readonly string[]> = { ...BASE_DIRECTIVES };
if (options.nonce !== undefined) {
if (!/^[A-Za-z0-9+/]+={0,2}$/.test(options.nonce)) throw new Error("nonce must be base64");
directives["script-src"] = [...(directives["script-src"] ?? []), `'nonce-${options.nonce}'`];
}
for (const [name, values] of Object.entries(options.directives ?? {})) {
if (!/^[a-z][a-z0-9-]*$/.test(name)) throw new Error(`invalid directive name "${name}"`);
for (const value of values) {
if (typeof value !== "string" || /[;\s]/.test(value)) {
throw new Error(`invalid value for "${name}"`);
}
}
directives[name] = values;
}
const serialized = Object.entries(directives)
.filter(([, values]) => values.length > 0)
.map(([name, values]) => `${name} ${values.join(" ")}`)
.join("; ");
return {
name: options.reportOnly === true ? "Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only" : "Content-Security-Policy",
value: serialized,
};
}
const header = buildCsp({
nonce: createNonce(),
directives: {
"connect-src": ["'self'", "https://api.example.com"],
"img-src": ["'self'", "data:", "https://cdn.example.com"],
},
});
console.log(header.name);
console.log(header.value);
console.log(buildCsp({ reportOnly: true }).name);