What is Separation of Concerns (SoC) and how is it applied?

Explanation

Separation of Concerns (SoC) is a design principle that divides a program into distinct sections, each addressing a separate concern (business logic, data access, presentation, etc.). SoC reduces complexity by breaking systems into focused, manageable parts. Implementations include: layered architecture (presentation, business, data layers), MVC (model, view, controller), microservices (each service handles one concern), and modular design. SoC improves maintainability, testability, and parallel development. It is related to SRP but operates at architectural and modular levels, not just class level.