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Transaction Context Manager with Rollback

Wrap state changes in a context manager that commits on success, restores a snapshot on any exception, and re-raises the error.

PythonData Integrity

Code

snippet
from collections.abc import Iterator
from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any


class TransactionAborted(RuntimeError):
    pass


@dataclass
class Store:
    data: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
    commits: int = 0
    rollbacks: int = 0

    @contextmanager
    def transaction(self) -> Iterator["Transaction"]:
        snapshot = dict(self.data)
        tx = Transaction(self)
        try:
            yield tx
        except BaseException:
            self.data = snapshot
            self.rollbacks += 1
            raise
        else:
            self.commits += 1


@dataclass
class Transaction:
    store: Store

    def set(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
        self.store.data[key] = value

    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
        self.store.data.pop(key, None)


def main() -> None:
    store = Store(data={"balance": 100})
    with store.transaction() as tx:
        tx.set("balance", 80)
        tx.set("currency", "USD")
    print(store.data, store.commits, store.rollbacks)

    try:
        with store.transaction() as tx:
            tx.set("balance", 0)
            raise TransactionAborted("payment declined")
    except TransactionAborted as error:
        print("rolled back:", error)
    print(store.data, store.commits, store.rollbacks)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

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